Laryngeal Tuberculosis Mimicking Laryngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report

Abstract

Laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can clinically and radiologically resemble laryngeal carcinoma, leading to potential misdiagnosis. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with a history of chronic smoking, no known tuberculosis or BCG vaccination, who presented with progressive dyspnea, dysphonia, and significant weight loss. Laryngoscopy revealed ulcerative lesions involving the anterior commissure, right ventricular strip, arytenoid fold, and epiglottis. CT imaging suggested malignancy, but a biopsy confirmed LTB with pulmonary involvement. The patient responded favorably to anti-tuberculous therapy, with near-complete resolution after two months. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of differentiating LTB from malignancy. Awareness of this rare presentation is essential, especially in tuberculosis (TB)-endemic regions, to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention and ensure prompt medical treatment.