Boswellic acids: a review on its pharmacological properties, molecular mechanism and bioavailability

Abstract

Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient. It exhibits a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-thrombotic properties. As a result, it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways. However, the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability, which affects its effectiveness. To address this issue, scientists have proposed a number of strategies, such as solid dispersions, phytosome® technologies, and novel drug delivery systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, potential therapeutic applications, and strategies to improve bioavailability.