Role of New Technologies in Teaching Anatomical Sciences and Future Direction Based on Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Anatomy is a complex subject taught in undergraduate medical curriculums, with significant changes over time. The invention of CT scans by Hounsfield and the first interactive computer graphics led to the development of interactive computer graphics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the late 20th century revolutionized medical diagnosis and teaching, with engineering advances enhancing image display and use. Digital anatomy continued until the late 20th century, with the Visible Human Project (VHP) being a prominent example of digitalization. VHP provided a better understanding of body and internal organ structures. The first virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in medicine was applied in 2004, and in 2024, the Apple Vision Pro headset marked a significant evolution in this field. Medical students often face learning obstacles during their early years, leading to a decline in academic performance. To promote rational learning and long-term retention of anatomical knowledge, new curricula and innovative teaching strategies have been developed. Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained popularity in recent years, enabling deep learning, data storage, remote teaching, and quick feedback. AI has been used in medical diagnostics and treatment planning. Advanced AI techniques like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Convoluted Neural Networks (CNN), and Bayesian U-Net are used for teaching anatomy. AI can also be used to deliver AR and VR experiences, particularly for complex regions in the human body. AI can also change assessment techniques to suit individual learners.