A series of teaching phantoms for displaying diagnostic ultrasound image artifacts

Abstract

Much work has been done on ultrasound phantoms for biopsy and anatomic training of physicians and sonographers. Artifacts observed during scans in vivo also have been described. The authors' purpose in this article is to describe the construction and performance of phantoms designed to demonstrate ultrasound image artifacts for teaching purposes. Phantom images exhibiting ringdown, range errors, reverberation, and multipath artifacts produced by scanning intrauterine devices, shotgun pellets, and other objects are illustrated.