Seroconversion of Hbsag in Melanoma Patient with Hepatitis B Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report

Abstract

Based on remarkable and sustained antitumor activity, the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab, and anti-PD1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for treatment of advanced melanoma. As checkpoint blockade is associated with potentially serious immune-related adverse events, including autoimmune hepatitis, clinical trials evaluating these agents have excluded patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Herein, we describe one patient with advanced melanoma and concomitant HBV infections experiencing seroconversion of HBsAg after treatment with combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade.