Oleate Hydratase (OhyA) Is a Virulence Determinant in Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

The oleate hydratase protein family was discovered in commensal bacteria that utilize host unsaturated fatty acids as the substrates to produce a spectrum of hydroxylated products. These hydroxy fatty acids are thought to act as signaling molecules that suppress the inflammatory response to create a more tolerant environment for the microbiome. S. aureus is a significant human pathogen, and defining the mechanisms used to evade the immune response is critical to understanding pathogenesis. S. aureus expresses an OhyA that produces at least three 10-hydroxy fatty acids from host unsaturated fatty acids at the infection site, and an S. aureus strain lacking the ohyA gene has compromised virulence in an immunocompetent infection model. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that relies on a variety of mechanisms to evade and counteract the immune system. We show that S. aureus uses oleate hydratase (OhyA) to convert host cis -9 unsaturated fatty acids to their 10-hydroxy derivatives in human serum and at the infection site in a mouse neutropenic thigh model. Wild-type and Δ ohyA strains were equally infective in the neutropenic thigh model, but recovery of the Δ ohyA strain was 2 orders of magnitude lower in the immunocompetent skin infection model. Despite the lower bacterial abundance at the infection site, the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) elicited by the Δ ohyA strain were as robust as those of either the wild-type or the complemented strain, indicating that the immune system was more highly activated by the Δ ohyA strain. Thus, OhyA functions to promote S. aureus virulence. IMPORTANCE The oleate hydratase protein family was discovered in commensal bacteria that utilize host unsaturated fatty acids as the substrates to produce a spectrum of hydroxylated products. These hydroxy fatty acids are thought to act as signaling molecules that suppress the inflammatory response to create a more tolerant environment for the microbiome. S. aureus is a significant human pathogen, and defining the mechanisms used to evade the immune response is critical to understanding pathogenesis. S. aureus expresses an OhyA that produces at least three 10-hydroxy fatty acids from host unsaturated fatty acids at the infection site, and an S. aureus strain lacking the ohyA gene has compromised virulence in an immunocompetent infection model. These data suggest that OhyA plays a role in immune modulation in S. aureus pathogenesis similar to that in commensal bacteria.