Enhancement of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cryptographic Strength via Generation of Cipher Key-Dependent S-Box

Abstract

The rapid increase of information transmitted electronically resulted to an increased reliance on cryptography and authentication. Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks. Advanced Encryption Standard block cipher (AES) is a widely used cryptographic block cipher system, the AES substitution box (S-Box) are generally inferred as static arrays and publicly known thus making it prone in Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) attacks (also often called side channel attacks). In this paper, a proposed method for constructing dynamic Cipher Key dependent S-box is introduced and implemented to encounter the possible attack on the fixed S-Box. Also, the qualities of the implemented S-boxes are examined based on the four major criteria of a good S-box. A comparative analysis is conducted that compared the randomness properties and simulation time of the proposed AES against the standard AES algorithm. The proposed dynamic key dependent S-box passed the Avalanche, bit independence, non-linearity and balance test which proven its security.