The use of digital technology (2.5d) in the authenticity of a manuscript from the islamic era

Abstract

One of the most important challenges to libraries and museums in many countries is the problem of forged Arabic and Islamic manuscripts, especially with the increasing global interest in the last three decades of Islamic art, in general, and the Arabic manuscripts, in particular. Forged manuscripts can be completely new manuscripts. They may also include added or deleted parts-called enhanced manuscripts-to achieve a target or to meet the global market demand for such Islamic manuscripts. The present study addresses the authenticity of a Quran manuscript dating back to 1834 AD using Digital Authenticity (2.5D). The image was divided into sections. Each section was analyzed by measuring the sensitivity of light absorption by (peaks). Then, the analyzed waves were divided into low and high frequencies that were compared. If there is a forged part, it appears in the frequencies in a way that highlights its difference from the other the frequencies on all bands. While the first band shows the form of nanometric details, such as the rough surface and the non-stable image, the second highlights the difference in the distribution of ink on the surface and the shape of the grain of the ink. The third one appears in the chromatic aberration with (peaks) from the different wavelengths in paper and ink in case of forgery words.