High Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio Is Independently Associated with Very Poor Outcomes in Large Ischemic Core Stroke

Abstract

Background: Recent advances have highlighted the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large ischemic core stroke, yet a significant portion still experience very poor outcomes, defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 5–6. This study aims to investigate the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) as a prognostic imaging parameter for these outcomes. Methods: In a multicenter retrospective cohort study, data from consecutive patients undergoing EVT for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) at two comprehensive stroke centers were analyzed. The study included patients with an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 5 or less and utilized pretreatment perfusion imaging to calculate HIR. The primary outcome was very poor outcomes (90 days mRS 5–6). Results: Among 102 patients included, 59 (57.8%) had very poor outcome (90 days mRS 5–6). Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for multiple covariates including admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and EVT revealed that higher admission NIHSS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.224, 95% CI 1.089–1.374, p = 0.001) and HIR (aOR per 0.1 incremental change, 1.34, 95% CI 1.02–1.82, P = 0.042) were independently associated with very poor outcomes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that admission NIHSS and HIR are independently associated with very poor outcome (90 days mRS 5–6) in patients with large ischemic core strokes. These findings highlight the importance of collateral status and perfusion imaging in predicting outcomes in this patient population, suggesting a potential role for HIR in the triage and management of large core stroke patients.