Cannabidiol counteracts the psychotropic side-effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the ventral hippocampus through bidirectional control of erk1-2 phosphorylation

Abstract

Evidence suggests that the phytocannabinoids Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) differentially regulate salience attribution and psychiatric risk. The ventral hippocampus (vHipp) relays emotional salience via control of dopamine (DA) neuronal activity states, which are dysregulated in psychosis and schizophrenia. Using in vivo electrophysiology in male Sprague Dawley rats, we demonstratethat intra-vHipp THC strongly increases ventraltegmental area (VTA) DA neuronalfrequency and bursting rates, decreases GABA frequency, and amplifies VTA beta, gamma and Δ oscillatory magnitudes via modulation of local extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (pERK1-2). Remarkably, whereas intra-vHipp THC also potentiates salience attribution in morphine placeΔpreference and fear conditioning assays, CBD coadministration reverses these changes by downregulating pERK1-2 signaling, as pharΔmacological reactivation of pERK1-2 blocked the inhibitory properties of CBD. These results identify vHipp pERK1-2 signaling as a critical neural nexus point mediating THC-induced affective disturbances and suggest a potential mechanism by which CBD may counΔteract the psychotomimetic and psychotropic side effects of THC.