Ultrasonic testing in battery research and production

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of ultrasonic testing (UT) applied to battery research and development, bridging the gap between fundamental acoustic principles and practical applications. We begin by detailing the acoustic physics underlying UT and describing the hardware, software, and signal processing algorithms necessary to extract useful information from battery systems. We then summarize key academic findings and trends in UT analysis of lithium-based batteries, highlighting both foundational studies that have shaped the field and recent advancements pushing the boundaries of UT application. Following this, we provide an overview of lab-scale operando tools that complement UT analysis, illustrating how they can enhance and validate its findings. The discussion is extended beyond academic work to encompass UT applications in battery manufacturing, uniquely incorporating industry perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this space. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of future directions in battery UT research. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state of UT applied to batteries, equip readers with the tools to contextualize new UT studies and applications, and serve as a practical guide for researchers and engineers seeking to implement UT in their work.