Predictors of repeat voluntary counseling and testing for HIV among men who have sex with men from Metro Manila, Philippines: a reasoned action approach

Abstract

Introduction: Routine and timely testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a gateway towards early treatment. Identifying key factors that drive repeat testing can inform interventions to promote regular HIV testing. Using the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA, as per Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010) as model, this study determined the predictors of repeat voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV after three to six months following receipt of a non-reactive test result among men who have sex with men (MSM) at risk of HIV infection. Material and methods: A prospective study was implemented at a community-based HIV testing and treatment center in Metro Manila, Philippines. At baseline, participants answered a self-administered questionnaire to measure re-test intention and its determinants. Their repeat status was identified at follow-up. Two-hundred and fifty MSM who received a non-reactive HIV test result were recruited for the study. Results: Behavioral attitude (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), injunctive norms (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) significantly predicted repeat VCT intention and provided 37% of variance explained. Descriptive norms did not significantly predict re-test intention. Intention to re-test (β = 0.10, p = 0.02) significantly predicted actual re-test status, and provided a 3% variance in actual repeat test status. Conclusions: The RAA was partially confirmed. Interventions that influence perceived control of MSM over repeat VCT are recommended.