Systemic xanthogranuloma involving bone marrow and skin in a case of B‑Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign self‑limiting lesion commonly described in infants and young children. It most commonly involves the skin presenting as single or multiple yellowish‑brown papules. Clinical scenario with the classic histomorphology showing histiocytic aggregates in the dermis with xanthomatous cytoplasm, toutan type giant cells, immunohistochemistry with positive CD68, CD163, factor XIIIa and negative CD1a and S‑100 help in diagnosis. However, diagnosis becomes challenging with predominant systemic bone marrow involvement in post‑B‑lymphoblastic leukemia settings.