A case report of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy presenting as an isolated spinal cord lesion

Abstract

Introduction: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a group of neurological syndromes involving the meninges, brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and is characterized by sensitivity to steroid therapy. Due to the diverse clinical presentation and lack of uniform diagnostic criteria, GFAP-A can easily be overlooked or diagnosed as another disease. It is even rarer when presenting as an isolated spinal cord lesion. Case Report: We report the case of a 70-year-old man with initial symptoms of numbness and weakness in both lower limbs, followed by difficulty in urination and defecation, and progression of numbness upward to the hands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion in the spinal cord from cervical level 2 to thoracic 7 in a T2-weighted image. T1-weighted image showed a punctate, lamellar strengthening lesion with significant spinal strengthening. GFAP immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. After treatment with intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG), the patient symptoms improved and spinal cord enhancement was reduced. Conclusion: Long segment cases with punctate and patchy enhancement of the spinal cord are difficult to distinguish from CLAPPERS, so GFAP-A antibody detection is very important. This atypical case also increases neurologists' understanding of GFAP-A.