Public Awareness and Willingness to Vaccinate Against Herpes Zoster: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

Abstract

Objectives: Herpes zoster (HZ), caused by varicella zoster virus reactivation, affects a significant portion of the population, leading to substantial morbidity. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing HZ, yet awareness and uptake remain low. This study assessed awareness and willingness to vaccinate against HZ in Poland following the introduction of a reimbursement policy. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey (September 2024) using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method collected data from 1137 adults. Factors associated with HZ vaccine awareness and willingness were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Only 47% of respondents reported awareness of the HZ vaccine. Television was the primary information source (52%). Factors associated with awareness included chronic disease status (aOR = 1.35, 1.02–1.80, p = 0.04). Willingness to vaccinate was reported by 63.7% of eligible participants, with factors such as the absence of children (aOR = 1.30, 1.01–1.69, p = 0.04) and moderate financial status (aOR = 1.51, 1.04–2.18, p = 0.03) being associated with higher willingness. Conclusions: Significant gaps exist in public awareness and willingness to vaccinate against HZ in Poland. Multifaceted strategies, including targeted media campaigns, enhanced physician engagement and improved access, are needed to increase vaccination rates.