The assessment of dietary diversity score and associated factors among pregnant women of Batu district, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition remains a global problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where Ethiopia is located. During pregnancy, inadequate nutritional diversification increases the risk of unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the dietary diversity score and associated factors among pregnant women in Batu district, Southern Ethiopia, in 2021. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 594 pregnant women. Data were collected with a two-stage sampling technique through face-to-face interviews. The data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify independent predictors of dietary diversity. Results: The magnitude of the unmet minimum dietary diversity score among pregnant women was 356 (59.9%). Furthermore, pregnant women with no formal education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.66], poor by the wealth index (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.73), having five or more children (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.71), multigravida (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.56), and pregnant women from only male-headed households (AOR = 4.46, 95% CI: 2.86, 6.94) were associated with an unmet minimum dietary diversity score among pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of unmet minimum dietary diversity scores among pregnant women was found to be high. Moreover, low dietary diversity was linked to pregnant women with no formal education, multigravida, having more than five family members, male-headed households, and being poor by household wealth. As a result, nutritional diversity education should be prioritized, and health experts should provide guidance on dietary diversity and family planning services.