Self-Assessment of Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System in Private Hospitals in Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Hospitals are required to implement patients safety incident (PSI) reporting, analysis, and problem-solving. Self-assessment is important for exploring gaps and strengthening PSI reporting and learning system. Objectives: This study examined PSI reporting and learning systems through self-assessment based on WHO guidance, analysis of section scores by hospital class, and analysis of section relationships. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 193 health workers from 47 Indonesian non-profit private hospitals selected using non-probability sampling. Samples in each hospital consisted of seven hospital staff, including quality and patients’ safety committee, infectious diseases control committee, manager/head of nursing, as well as functional staff comprising doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists. Six aspects based on WHO guidance were measured in this study namely 1) environment for reporting, 2) reporting rules and content, 3) analysis and investigation, 4) governance, 5) action and learning, as well as 6) patients’ and family engagement. The data obtained were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The results showed that the total average score was 64.7 ± 3.3, and the average score on all components of PSI reporting and learning system was minimum 59.3 and maximum 69.6 of a total score of 100. The lowest average score was found in patients’ and family engagement component at 59.3 ± 8.4. Class B hospitals had higher average scores on each component than class C and D hospitals, except on the action and learning and patients’ and family engagement section. There was a significant positive linear correlation between each section of PSI reporting and learning system (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: The PSI reporting and learning system in hospitals is in need of improvement across all aspects. One specific area that requires attention is the implementation of mechanisms for patient and family engagement, which can play an important role in promoting safety programs.