Extraction of bioactive substances from pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotaceae) by dynamic maceration

Abstract

The extraction by dynamic maceration of bioactive compounds from Pleurotus ostreatus is a simple and economical process which normally presents low efficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the extraction process to determine which treatment allows the highest efficiency, analyzing the influence of the study factors: ethanol concentration (50 %, 80 %, 95 %) and solid to solvent ratio (1:10, 1:20, 1:30). 5 g of fungal powder into aqueous ethanol were macerated during 90 minutes at 150 rpm, 25 ° C and particle size from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. The data were treated by parametric statistics with a 95 % confidence level. The results reveal that the highest total extraction efficiency (40.9 %) on dry basis was obtained with 50 % ethanol and solid to solvent ratio of 1:30. As for components, it was found that 50 % ethanol with 1:20 ratio allowed maximum efficiency for total carbohydrates (17.99 %) and polysaccharides (17.23 %), while with the 1:30 ratio allowed maximum efficiency for reducing sugars (0.91 %) and polyphenols (0.23 %). On the other hand, 95 % ethanol with 1:30 ratio allowed maximum efficiency for proteins (29.4 %). The extraction of betaglucans was not significant. The efficiency of extraction is very influenced by the operation parameters, mainly by the concentration of ethanol; in particular, the 50 % was more favorable for obtaining most bioactive substances with nutraceutical potential..