Rehabilitation as a conservation tool: A case study using the common wombat

Abstract

Wildlife rehabilitation seeks to return healthy animals back to their natural habitat with good survival prospects,and hence contribute to the persistence of their populations. However, the effectiveness of rehabilitation remains largelyundocumented, and its utility as a conservation tool is unclear. In this paper, we document the rehabilitation successof a large, herbivorous marsupial, the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), and use the findings as a case study toevaluate the contribution that rehabilitation can make to wildlife conservation. Using a database of 54 orphaned wombatsmonitored for up to eight years, we found that 81.5% of young survived to release and, of those, 77.3% were alivein the wild by the end of the study. Survival during rehabilitation was greater for larger, older animals, but influencedalso by problems during care, reaction to human contact following weaning and, in particular, the responses ofindividuals to treatment. No factors associated with rescue condition, rehabilitation or release affected survival of animalsonce returned to the wild, suggesting that wombats were not disadvantaged by their progression through rehabilitation.We provide brief recommendations to improve rehabilitation success for wombats. We conclude that rehabilitation isan under-recognized but potentially valuable conservation tool, and suggest that it is timely to consider its contributionto wildlife management more generally.