LOXL3-sv2, a novel variant of human lysyloxidase-like 3 (LOXL3), functions as an amine oxidase

Abstract

Human lysyl oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3) functions as a copper-dependent amine oxidase toward collagen and elastin. The LOXL3 protein contains four scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains in the N-Terminus in addition to the C-Terminal characteristic domains of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, such as a copper-binding domain, a cytokine receptor-like domain and residues for the lysyl-Tyrosyl quinone cofactor. Using BLASTN searches, we identified a novel variant of LOXL3 (termed LOXL3-sv2), which lacked the sequences corresponding to exons 4 and 5 of LOXL3. The LOXL3-sv2 mRNA is at least 2,398 bp in length, encoding a 608 amino acid-long polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 67.4 kDa. The deletion of exons 4 and 5 do not change the open-reading frame of LOXL3 but results in deletion of the SRCR domain 2. The recombinant LOXL3-sv2 protein showed a β-Aminopropionitrile-inhibitable amine oxidase activity toward collagen type I. In RT-PCR analysis, LOXL3-sv2 was detected in all human tissues tested, along with LOXL3 and LOXL3-sv1, a previously identified variant of LOXL3. These findings indicate that the human LOXL3 gene encodes at least three variants, LOXL3, LOXL3-sv1 and LOXL3-sv2, all of which function as amine oxidases.