A Mini-review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

A novel coronavirus has recently emerged in December 2019 out of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The virus can cause disease, termed coronavirus virus disease 2019, or COVID-19. Its presentation is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome, known as SARS, because of the disease manifesting as mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms. Animals sold out of a seafood market in Wuhan are thought to have transmitted the virus. Since its discovery, it has infected more than 78,000 people and spread to at least 30 other countries. The majority of cases are in China, but cases are increasing in multiple countries throughout the world, including the United States. The virus shares many similar physical and pathogenic features as the virus that causes SARS and has thus been named SARS-CoV-2. Close contact can cause transmission of the virus. Initial symptoms in 2-14 days of viral contact are similar to influenza, including fever, cough, myalgias, and dyspnea. Those with severe illness are generally older or those with medical comorbidities. There are currently no cures or vaccines against the virus. In comparison to seasonal influenza, which is currently more prevalent than SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 is considered more infectious and carries a higher mortality rate. There is still much to learn about the virus, as it is expected to continue spreading. Global efforts are being made via public health emergencies to identify those infected and quarantine them early on to prevent further spread.