Principles and strategies of inclusive physical activity: a European Delphi study

Abstract

Aim/Purpose: The article seeks to articulate a consensus of the opinions of a group of subject experts about the principles and strategies of inclusive physical activity. Methods: A 3-stage Delphi study involving a group of 34 Europe-based subject specialists was used to articulate shared expert opinions on the main research question: What are the key principles (general theories, values, or framework) that should guide practice of inclusive approaches to physical activity? What are the key strategies (practical approaches that can promote inclusive physical activity) of inclusive approaches to physical activity? Results: Four core principles and four core strategies (and six less-supported principles/strategies for each) were identified through this process. The core principles were: focus on participants’ needs; include disabled people in planning; focus on ability, not disability; and promote equal opportunities. The four core strategies were: adapt the rules and aims of the programme to the abilities of participants; apply adaptability of teaching/coaching methods; be accessible and available to participants; and establish models to make sure participants’ voices are heard. Conclusions: The article concludes by offering ten concepts – drawn from the empirical findings – that might act as a starting-point for the development of the concept for an inclusive physical activity programme.