Effect of B-site Disorder on The Electrical Properties of Barium Zirconium Titanate Ceramics Composites

Abstract

BaZrxTi1-xO3, Barium zirconium titanate (BZT) samples with x = (0.05, 0.10, and 0.15), were produced via solid solution reactions employing controlled heating and cooling. Sintering temperatures optimized density. XRD reveals phase purity. All patterns have perovskite lines. The homo-valent substitution of Ti (ionic radius = 0.745Å) by Zr (ionic radius = 0.86Å) produces an orthorhombic structure with a higher standard deviation as Zr content increases. Orthorhombic-tetragonal composition with x = 0.15. The ferroelectric phase transition temperature Tc for BaZrxTi1-xO3 lowers with Zr concentration and exhibits a large peak. Composition-dependent dielectric response occurs in BaZrxTi1-xO3. The broadened peaks demonstrate disordered perovskite's diffuse transitions. Grain size distribution and quadratic gradients diffuse transition temperatures in ferroelectric ceramics. Due to the difference in electrical density between polar [TiO6] and non-polar [ZrO6] clusters, samples with both clusters exhibit this behaviour more strongly. The modified Curie law describes complicated ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition dielectric behaviour. The material becomes increasingly diffuse and disordered as Zr concentration increases, causing Debye's behaviour to deviate. Low-frequency dielectric dispersion occurs in ferroelectrics with significant ionic conductivity. BZT is being considered for use in capacitors and microwave technologies because of its high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and extensive tunability.