CO2-enhanced yield and foliar deformation among tomato genotypes in elevated CO2 environments

Abstract

Yield increases observed among eight genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown at ambient CO2 (about 350) or 1000 microliters per liter CO2 were not due to carbon exchange rate increases. Yield varied among genotypes while carbon exchange rate did not Yield increases were due to a change in partitioning from root to fruit Tomatoes grown with CO2 enrichment exhibited nonepinastic foliar deformation similar to nutrient deficiency symptoms. Foliar deformation varied among genotypes, increased throughout the season, and became most severe at elevated CO2. Foliar deformation was positively related to fruit yield. Foliage from the lower canopy was sampled throughout the growing season and analysed for starch, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations. Foliar K and Mn concentrations were the only elements correlated with deformation severity. Foliar K decreased while deformation increased. In another study, foliage of half the plants of one genotype received foliar applications of 7 millimolar KH2PO4. Untreated foliage showed significantly greater deformation than treated foliage. Reduced foliar K concentration may cause CO2-enhanced foliar deformation. Reduced K may occur following decreased nutrient uptake resulting from reduced root mass due to the change in partitioning from root to fruit.