A Bi-Directional Relation between Menopause and Obesity: Focus on the Main Causes and Associated Metabolic Diseases

Abstract

Menopause is an important physiologic stage that determines the end of female reproductive capacity and which is associated to several physical and psychological changes, interfering directly in the quality of women life. Due to metabolic profile and body composition alterations related to menopause, post-menopausal women become more susceptible to the development of metabolic disorders and obesity. Some menopause-related symptoms are alleviated with the hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, some side effects are associated with its long-term use including a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases development and breast cancer. Therefore, body weight control through physical exercises and a balanced diet should be stimulated instead of pharmacological therapies.