Echinchrome Pigment Isolated from Sea Urchin Improves Female Rat’s Fertility

Abstract

Infertility is considering disease which characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after one year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycles [1]. Infertility is a stressful and unexpected experience by a couple and is estimated to affect 8%–12% of couples worldwide [2]. About 15–30% of the infertile couples are diagnosed with unexplained infertility after basic fertility tests after they cannot achieve a pregnancy due to accident or to undetected causes, including oviduct dysfunction with tubal patency, fertilization failure and implantation failure without an organic lesion [3]. Oxidative stress may contribute to aging and several diseased states affecting female reproduction [4]. Recent reports identified an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, varicocele, and obesity, among other factors, results in infertility [5]. Approximately 190 million patients are infertile worldwide including recurrent implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss [6]. Treatment of infertility may use drugs or surgical procedures.