The Tdap Vaccination in Pregnancy: Results of a Healthy Equity Audit on Coverage Trends and Their Determinants in the Reggio Emilia Province (Italy)

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The Italian National Plan for Vaccine Prevention 2017–2019 recommended tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines (Tdap) for pregnant women, irrespectively of their immunization history. This study aims to describe the coverage rate trends for Tdap vaccination in pregnancy and evaluate the differences by socioeconomic status. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis within a health equity audit of the Local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia on vaccination in pregnancy from 2018 (a local vaccination campaign) to 2023. All women residents in our area who gave birth during that period were included and linked to the electronic Registry of Immunization Service. The vaccination coverage in pregnant women was analyzed over time and stratified by pregnant women’s sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Results: The coverage of Tdap in pregnant women of the Province of Reggio Emilia increased from 15.9% in 2018 to 53.9% in 2023. The coverage was higher among Italians, women with higher educational levels (aPR 1.49 (CI95%1.41–1.57)), within 31–35 years of age (aPR 1.37 (CI95% 1.28–1.46)), occupied, nulliparous (aPR multiparous vs nulliparous: 0.76 (0.74; 0.78)), and followed in the private sector (aPR 1.07 (1.03–1.11)). Inequalities in coverage increased during the study period for women assisted in the private sector, while decreased or remained stable for women assisted in the context of public services. Conclusions: The vaccination promotion campaign in Reggio Emilia helped increase Tdap coverage in pregnancy from 16 to 53%. Nevertheless, the coverage rates of the most disadvantaged women are still several points lower than the average.