Colorectal cancer harbors tremendous heterogeneity, with temporal and spatial differences in genetic mutations, epigenetic regulation, and tumor microenvironment. Analyzing the distribution and frequency of genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironment differences within a given tumor and between different sites of a metastatic tumor has been used as a powerful tool to investigate tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and to yield insight into various models of tumor development. A better understanding of tumor heterogeneity would have tremendous clinical relevance, which may manifest most clearly when genetic analyses to inform treatment decisions are performed on a very limited sample of a large tumor. This review summarizes the current concepts of tumor heterogeneity, with a focus on primary colorectal cancers and their corresponding metastases as well as potential clinical implications.
CITATION STYLE
Blank, A., Roberts, D. E., Dawson, H., Zlobec, I., & Lugli, A. (2018). Tumor heterogeneity in primary colorectal cancer and corresponding metastases. Does the apple fall far from the tree? Frontiers in Medicine. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00234
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