Efficiency and stability enhancement of inverted perovskite solar cells via the addition of metal nanoparticles in the hole transport layer

Abstract

In this work, the addition of different types (Au, Ag and Al) of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer of inverted perovskite solar cells was systematically studied. The Ag and Au NP incorporation led to the highest power conversion efficiency improvement, while the Al NP-based devices showed significantly improved stability compared to the pristine one. Efficiencies exceeding 13.5% were demonstrated.