Importance for experiments in human medicine of imaging modalities for macroanatomical and histological study of rabbit suprarenal glands

Abstract

The morphological characteristics of the rabbit adrenal glands are currently investigated using routine imaging modalities. The aim of the study was to collect and interpret major findings and information in the literature on the rabbit as an animal model for investigations in humans. The suprarenal glands of thirty-four mature, clinically healthy New Zealand rabbits were studied using anatomical, routine histology, radiology, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging methods. The results demonstrated that the rabbit suprarenal glands are paired ellipsoid organs. The right gland was close to the right kidney, whereas the left gland was located at a distance from the left kidney. The capsule was composed of dense connective tissue. The parenchyma consisted of three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, and zona reticularis. The medulla was in the center of the glandular parenchyma. The glands' radiological and CT features defined their position relative to the right and left kidneys. The right suprarenal gland was with normal attenuation. The left suprarenal gland was located at a distance from the left kidney. The US features of the glands demonstrated variability in darkness and contrast, revealing specific histological features. The MRI peculiarities of the glands defined them as well visible findings.