Design and Architecture of a Voice-Interactive Control System for Smart Building Environments

Abstract

With the growing demand for intuitive and context-aware control in smart buildings, voice interaction has emerged as a natural and efficient modality, enabling hands-free access to environmental systems. This paper proposes a modular, four-layer voice-interactive control architecture specifically designed for smart building environments. The system integrates Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Natural Language Understanding (NLU), control logic engines, and device execution modules, supported by protocols such as MQTT and HTTP/REST. To meet real-time responsiveness, the framework supports hybrid cloud-edge deployment, enabling average response times below 250 ms and intent recognition accuracy exceeding 92% in quiet environments. Through simulated application scenarios - such as elderly care, energy optimization in offices, and bedtime routines in homes - we demonstrate the system's adaptability, reliability, and usability. A feasibility assessment further confirms low deployment cost, user satisfaction, and robustness under acoustic variability. This research lays the groundwork for future development of emotion-aware, multimodal, and privacy-conscious voice-controlled systems in intelligent building applications.