Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Abstract

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique that can measure tissue oxygen saturation in organs such as the brain, kidney, and intestine. By monitoring changes in the attenuation of near-infrared light passing through the brain, NIRS can provide cerebral regional oxygen saturation measurements (CrSO2). NIRS has been used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for various indications, including monitoring extremely premature infants and neonates with encephalopathy, congenital heart disease (CHD), anemia, respiratory support, and CNS injuries. Factors such as device type, sensor position, head position, and care procedures can affect NIRS measurements. NIRS has demonstrated potential in reducing cerebral hypoxia and predicting outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy and CHD. It is also being used in anesthesia and surgery settings. Proper training and monitoring are necessary to minimize complications associated with NIRS monitoring. NIRS provides valuable insights into cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, aiding in personalized care and neuroprotection in newborns.