Privacy Checklist: Privacy Violation Detection Grounding on Contextual Integrity Theory

Abstract

Privacy research has attracted wide attention as individuals worry that their private data can be easily leaked during interactions with smart devices, social platforms, and AI applications. Existing works mostly consider privacy attacks and defenses on various sub-fields. Within each field, various privacy attacks and defenses are studied to address patterns of personally identifiable information (PII). In this paper, we argue that privacy is not solely about PII patterns. We ground on the Contextual Integrity (CI) theory which posits that people's perceptions of privacy are highly correlated with the corresponding social context. Based on such an assumption, we formulate privacy as a reasoning problem rather than naive PII matching. We develop the first comprehensive checklist that covers social identities, private attributes, and existing privacy regulations. Unlike prior works on CI that either cover limited expert annotated norms or model incomplete social context, our proposed privacy checklist uses the whole Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) as an example, to show that we can resort to large language models (LLMs) to completely cover the HIPAA's regulations. Additionally, our checklist also gathers expert annotations across multiple ontologies to determine private information including but not limited to PII. We use our preliminary results on the HIPAA to shed light on future context-centric privacy research to cover more privacy regulations, social norms and standards.