Relating parasite communities to host environmental conditions using phylogenetic tools

Abstract

There are many tools available for analysing parasite communities, either based on the proportions or presence/absence of species. These analyses rely on phylogenetic distances, and analyses of actual characters (e.g. species). The phylogenetic analysis (Wagner parsimony) was compared to a cluster analysis (UPGMA) and correspondence analyses of two real helminth communities in sheep (one farm and with repeated sampling along time) or goats (several farms, each sampled once). The cladograms obtained using Wagner parsimony provided a clearer structuring of the helminth communities than classical analyses. The homogeneous groups of parasite communities on goat farms were significantly related (Fisher' exact test) to the environmental characteristics. The evolution along time pattern of change in the sheep infection of sheep was not the same for in all the animals, and two groups of communities could be distinguished in the last lamb cohorts. Phylogenetic analyses provide an effective performing tool to for interpreting the change in evolution of helminth communities with environmental conditions.