Risk assessment of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with electrocardiography, body mass index and blood pressure

Abstract

Aims. Electrocardiography (ECG) has a high specificity but unfortunately low sensitivity to detect anatomic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In this study, ECG amplitude and products were examined as continuous variables together with blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) to find out a simple method to predict echocardiographic (ECHO)-LVH. An age- and gender-stratified population-based sample of men (n = 121) and women (n = 135) aged 35-64 years enriched with newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive men (n = 138) and women (n = 97) in the Turku area in south-western Finland was studied. Major findings. Cornell voltage (or Cornell product), systolic BP (SBP) and BMI were all independent determinants of ECHO-LVH and left ventricular mass (LVM) indexed by height (LVMI). According to multivariate regression analyses with Cornell voltage (Cornell product), BMI and BP as explanatory variables, the three determinants explained 46-48% (47-49%) of the variation in LVMI among men and 50-54% (52-57%) among women. Score tables were constructed to estimate the probability of LVH. The estimated probability of ECHO-LVH increased in men gradually from 0% to 81% (79%) along with increased Cornell voltage (Cornell product) tertiles and in women respectively from 0% to 95% (97%). Conclusion. The sensitivity of ECG to detect ECHO-LVH can be markedly enhanced by using ECG amplitudes and products as continuous variables. The risk tables using Cornell voltages or products, BMI and SBP enable an easy and effective way to estimate the probability of ECHO-LVH. © 2014 Scandinavian Foundation for Cardiovascular Research.