Anthropic Impacts on Aquatic Mangrove Ecosystems Worldwide

Abstract

Mangrove aquatic ecosystems are among the most threatened environments in the world due to the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to identify the anthropic impacts on mangrove ecosystems worldwide to determine a bibliographic review of scientific articles referring to the subject of the study of the MDPI; Taylor & Francis and Google Scholar bases were developed. It was found that aquaculture and agricultural activities, sea level rise, pollution by the oil spills, plastic waste and heavy metal concentration, deforestation, population development, wastewater discharges, coral extraction for construction material, cumulative impacts of dams, overfishing and meteorological phenomena are the impacts that stalk and directly degrade mangrove ecosystems around the world. From the results recorded, it was concluded that the American continent and Asia are the most affected with respect to their mangrove forests.