The diversity of superior Indonesian durians based on molecular markers

Abstract

Indonesia has high diversity of Durian. More than a hundred cultivars have been recognized as superior durians. The main characteristics of superior durian are seen from superiority of taste, texture and color of arillus. Fruit identification and characterization of durian requires a relatively long periods because fruit producing minimum 4 years after planting. Aim of this study was to reveal the diversity of superior Indonesian durians using ISSR molecular markers. DNA samples were collected from 55 superior durian cultivars from five sites in Indonesia (Kundur region in Riau Islands province, Bogor regency in West Java province, Banyuwangi regency in East Java province, Lombok island, and Brongkol Ambarawasub-district in Central Javaprovince). Samples were analyzed using 11 ISSR markers. Amplification of superior durian cultivar DNA produced 83 polymorphic alleles. The highest allele was obtained from the analysis of PKBT 9 markers as many as 13 alleles and the lowest one was taken from the analysis of ISSR 10 markers in 5 alleles. The diversity of 55 superior Indonesian durians using ISSR marker was very high with a polymorphic percentage reached 93.25%. The results of this study indicated that all 55 durian cultivars are different. Similarity analysis showed that none of cultivars had a 100% similarity value.