Spatial distribution, impact factors, and potential health implications of trace elements in human hair from capital residents in China

Abstract

We analyzed the levels, spatial distribution, impact factors, source apportionment, and potential health implications of trace elements (V, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mo, and Co) in 1202 human hair samples of urban residents aged 4–55 from 29 cities in China. The median values of seven trace elements in hair were found in the following increasing order: Co (0.02 μg/g) < 0.01). Furthermore, significantly higher Cu/Zn ratios were observed in the hair of male residents than those in the female residents (p < 0.001), indicating a higher health risk for male residents.