Advancements and Future Perspectives of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Latin America: Insights from Recent Decades

Abstract

Despite being a preventable disease, cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, including those in Latin America (LATAM), where mortality rates are nearly three times higher than in North America. HPV vaccination represents one of the most important strategies for cervical cancer elimination; however, uptake in these regions has been consistently suboptimal. The aim of this review is to analyze the current status of HPV vaccination programs across LATAM, examines the underlying challenges, and proposes strategies to enhance vaccine coverage. Multiple obstacles to widespread vaccine adoption persist, including limited awareness, cultural stigma, and regional disparities in healthcare access, often driven by socioeconomic and infrastructural limitations. Addressing these challenges through multifaceted interventions—such as school-based vaccination programs, healthcare provider engagement, digital dissemination, simplified dosing schedules, and supportive policy measures—is essential to effectively improve vaccination rates and reduce disease burden.