Comparative Perspectives on Contract Law in Property Sale and Transfer: Oman and Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to conduct a comparative study of the law of covenants in the sale and purchase and transfer of property ownership in the civil law systems of Oman and Indonesia. The main focus of this study is to identify similarities and differences between the two countries in terms of the legal basis, contractual principles, and formal procedures related to the transfer of property rights. In the Omani legal system, which is influenced by Sharia and civil law, the transfer of property ownership emphasizes notarial formalities and state registration. Meanwhile, Indonesia, with its mixed legal system that combines customary law, Dutch colonial law and modern law, also requires a written agreement as well as registration at the National Land Agency. This research uses normative-comparative research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The data is analyzed qualitatively with comparative legal analysis techniques, to evaluate the practices and principles applicable in both legal systems. The novelty in this study lies in the structural mapping and detailed analysis of the common ground and points of difference between the two systems, particularly in terms of the principle of freedom of contract and the effectiveness of registration as a condition of transferring property rights. The results show that although the two countries have different legal frameworks, there is convergence in the aspects of formality and legal protection for third parties. This study recommends harmonization of contract law principles and more efficient registration of property as well as increased transparency in the process of buying and selling property across jurisdictions.