Unlocking the Potential of ctDNA in Sarcomas: A Review of Recent Advances

Abstract

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare, heterogeneous malignancies with complex genetic profiles, presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Despite advances in treatment, the outcomes of metastatic STS remain poor, highlighting the need for novel biomarkers. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising noninvasive tool for disease monitoring, prognosis, and treatment response. Advances in detection methods, including PCR, next-generation sequencing, and low-pass whole-genome sequencing, have enabled the identification of sarcoma-specific mutations and structural variants. Studies have demonstrated correlations between ctDNA levels and tumor burden, treatment efficacy, and recurrence. While challenges remain, ongoing research underscores ctDNA’s potential to revolutionize sarcoma management and personalized care.