Obstructive sleep apnea: A review

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition in which the upper airway collapses frequently during sleep and leads to breathing cessation. Higher-risk populations include males, women who have reached menopause, obese individuals, and patients with craniofacial abnormalities. Persons with OSA present with snoring, choking during sleep, nocturia, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Failure to address OSA not only compromises the patient’s quality of life but also increases the risk of mortality. Pharmacists can assist in the management of OSA by providing counseling regarding therapy and recommending lifestyle changes.