Carcinoma de células escamosas de cavidad bucal en un centro de tercer nivel de atención social en la ciudad de México. Experiencia de cinco años

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity. Squamous epithelial cells surrounding the oral mucosa are the source of this neoplasm. Objective: To determine if survival and death of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma are associated with age, gender, risk factors, histological grade and treatment received. Method: Files (49,615) dated from 1997 to 2001 from the Pathology Service in Centro Medico Nacional"20 de Noviembre" were studied. One hundred and forty nine histopathological files out of 49,615 were of oral squamous cell carcinoma. These variables were registered: age, gender, alcoholism, tabaco, sexually transmitted diseases, occupation, systemic diseases, dental prothesis usage, oncological family history, lichen planus, histological differentiation grade, localization, treatment, recurrence, methastasis, survival and death. Results were analyzed with Fisher test. Results: There were 49 cases with complete data, ratio 2:1 men-women, the most frequent localization was tongue. The histological differentiation grade was: 35 well differentiated cases (71.4%), 9 of moderate differentiation (18.4%) and 5 low differentiated (10.2%). Risk factors were tobacco (65.3%), alcohol (63.3%); both tobacco and alcohol (55.1%); high blood pressure (10.2%), Diabetes Mellitus (26.5%) and oncological family history (22.45%). The treatment was the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (59.2%). Patients' follow-up was from one month to 120 with an average of 34.85 months. Twenty three out of 49 cases (46.9%) showed recurrence. Sixteen patients (32.2%) showed methastasis. Eleven out of 49 died (22.45%). Discussion: The most important associations were: between death and oncological family history (p = 0.094), as well as between histological grade and recurrence (p = 0.034).