Carbon Footprint Embodied in Global Fiber Trades

Abstract

This study offers a novel approach to analyzing environmental degradation in the context of international trade by applying an Environmental Gravity Model. Covering 166 countries over the period 2000 to 2022, the study examines the carbon footprint embodied in global fiber trade, focusing on the effects of trade value, trade weight, and trade distance on emissions. The findings reveal that synthetic fibers–such as polyester, acrylic, and polyamide–impose significantly higher environmental burdens due to their energy-intensive production processes and heightened sensitivity to trade-related factors. In contrast, natural fibers, including bamboo and hemp, exhibit lower embodied carbon footprints, although cotton, wool, and silk display notable emissions linked to production and long-distance transportation. The study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions to promote low-carbon technologies, optimize trade logistics, and encourage the use of sustainable natural fibers.