Children's psychological and behavioral responses following pediatric intensive care unit hospitalization: The caring intensively study

Abstract

Background: Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization places children at increased risk of persistentpsychological and behavioral difficulties following discharge. Despite tremendous advances in medical technologyand treatment regimes, approximately 25% of children demonstrate negative psychological and behavioraloutcomes within the first year post-discharge. It is imperative that a broader array of risk factors and outcome indicatorsbe explored in examining long-term psychological morbidity to identify areas for future health promotion and clinicalintervention. This study aims to examine psychological and behavioral responses in children aged 3 to 12 years over athree year period following PICU hospitalization, and compare them to children who have undergone ear, nose and/orthroat (ENT) day surgery.Methods/Design: This mixed-methods prospective cohort study will enrol 220 children aged 3 to 12 years during PICUhospitalization (study group, n = 110) and ENT day surgery hospitalization (comparison group, n = 110). Participants willbe recruited from 3 Canadian pediatric hospitals, and followed for 3 years with data collection points at 6 weeks,6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years post-discharge. Psychological and behavioral characteristics of the child,and parent anxiety and parenting stress, will be assessed prior to hospital discharge, and again at each of the5 subsequent time points, using standardized measures. Psychological and behavioral response scores for bothgroups will be compared at each follow-up time point. Multivariate regression analysis will be used to adjust fordemographic and clinical variables at baseline. To explore baseline factors predictive of poor psychological andbehavioral scores at 3 years among PICU patients, correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression will beused. A subgroup of 40 parents of study group children will be interviewed at years 1 and 3 post-discharge toexplore their perceptions of the impact of PICU hospitalization on their children and enhance our understandingof findings generated from standardized measures in the larger cohort study. An interpretive descriptive approachwill guide qualitative data collection and analysis.Discussion: This study aims to generate new information regarding the magnitude and duration of psychological andbehavioral disturbances among children admitted to PICUs, potentially leading to remedial or preventive interventions.