Radiotherapy of brain metastases from breast cancer: Treatment results and prognostic factors

Abstract

Brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer are associated with high morbidity and a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of radiotherapy in treatment of BM from breast cancer in the context of modern local therapy modalities, current systemic treatment options and prognostic factors. A retrospective analysis of 86 consecu­tive female patients treated with radiotherapy for BM from breast cancer between 2000 and 2010 was conducted. Patient and treatment characteristics were registered and survival data calculated. All patients received whole‑brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with a median dose of 36 Gy, and 19 patients were treated with an additional boost; this included fractionated schemes (median dose, 18 Gy) and radiosurgery (5 and 17 Gy). The median overall survival time from the start of WBRT was 4.1 months in the present cohort. Patients receiving a boost survived 19.7 months in comparison to 3.1 months for patients treated with WBRT alone (P<0.001). Other factors that improved overall survival, based on a univariate analysis, were dose of WBRT and number of BM. There was no statistical evidence for the influence of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status on survival in the current study. The administration of boost treatment following WBRT was also identified as a significant factor influencing survival on multi-variate analysis (P=0.030). In conclusion, radiotherapy affects the survival time of patients with BM from breast cancer. In particular, the implementation of boost treatment following WBRT in selected patients seems to extend survival time.