Yield increases through Azospirillum spp. and Enterobacter spp. inoculations in wheat

Abstract

To sustain crop productivity, we must look for sustainable management alternatives, and it is here where the use of biological inoculants, containing beneficial microorganisms, could be a strategy to maximize yields without deteriorating resources. The study aimed to analyse the effect of inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria, alone or in mixtures, on yield and its numerical and physiological components in wheat under field conditions. Two strains from the genus Azospirillum spp. and Enterobacter spp. were used, and the effects were analysed at individual plant and canopy levels, in experiments conducted during one season and at three experimental sites. Azospirillum treatment increased consistently yield ca. 10% in all environments respect to the uninoculated control, while Enterobacter showed positive effects in two of the three environments explored. The mix treatment showed lower yield and biomass compared to the uninoculated control in all environments, suggesting a negative interaction between both strains. Azospirillum spp. inoculation had a beneficial effect on crop development and grain establishment by probably increasing roots and growth hormones such as indoleacetic acid or related enzymes, making them a sustainable alternative to improve yields.