Cerebral stroke-induced neurogenesis: insights and therapeutic implications

Abstract

Stroke, one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, results from disrupted cerebral blood circulation, leads to cellular damage or death. Ischemic stroke, the predominant subtype, relies mainly on recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and endovascular thrombectomy for the treatment. Neurological impairments following ischemic stroke highlight the importance of understanding the interplay between neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in brain repair. Research reveals a complex relationship, where inflammation both promotes and hinders neurogenesis, impacting post-stroke outcomes. The subventricular zone (SVZ) of striatum and sub granular zone (SGZ) in hippocampus play pivotal roles in adult neurogenesis, with distinct characteristics and functions. SVZ neurogenesis involves neuroblast progenitors migrating to the olfactory bulb, while SGZ facilitates granule cell generation for hippocampal function. Understanding the intricate processes of neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis is crucial for developing effective stroke therapeutics. Promising avenues include drug therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antibody therapy, angiogenesis stimulation, growth factor therapy, hormone therapy, miRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and neuroprotective agents. Stem cell therapy, exploring various cell types, holds potential for neuronal replacement and recovery. In conclusion, deciphering the roles of SVZ and SGZ in neurogenesis, unraveling the complexity of neuroinflammation’s impact on repair, and exploring diverse therapeutic approaches highlight the need for comprehensive investigations to enhance stroke outcomes. The multifaceted landscape of stroke therapeutics presents challenges, but ongoing research offers promising avenues for bridging the gap between preclinical findings and clinical treatments.