Atypical chemokine receptors and their roles in the resolution of the inflammatory response

Abstract

Chemokines and their receptors are key mediators of the inflammatory process regulating leukocyte extravasation and directional migrationinto inflamed and infected tissues. The control of chemokine availability within inflamed tissues is necessary to attain a resolving environment and when this fails chronic inflammation ensues. Accordingly, vertebrates have adopted a number of mechanisms for removing chemokines from inflamed sites to help precipitate resolution. Over the past 15 years, it has become apparent that essential players in this process are the members of the atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) family. Broadly speaking, this family is expressed on stromal cell types and scavenges chemokines toeither limit their spatial availability or to remove them from in vivo sites. Here, we provide a brief review of these ACKRs and discusstheir involvement in the resolution of inflammatory responses and the therapeutic implications of our current knowledge.