Anatomical and morphological stem features of two haloxylon species (Chenopodiaceae Vent.) of Drought Stress, Kazakhstan

Abstract

The territory of Kazakhstan lies mainly in zones of deserts and semideserts. Soil degradation is all over the territory as a result of human intervention in vegetation. The representatives of Chenopodiaceae Vent. genus (Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw., Haloxylon persicum Bng.) are natural sandbinders in northern deserts of Kazakhstan. This article concerns adaptation traits of plants of drought stress. The article states the anatomical and morphological characteristics of representatives of Chenopodiaceae family: Haloxylon aphyllum, Haloxylon persicum. It was identified that there are similarities and differences in the anatomy of the stem of both species. The main difference is the number of layers of the epidermis: one layer in Haloxylon aphyllum, 2 layers in H. Persicum, size of epidermis, chlorenchyma, parenchyma. Comparative characteristics of the two species of Haloxylon show some features of adaptation of psammophytes (Haloxylon persicum) and halophytes (Haloxylon aphyllum). Increased size of epidermal tissue and chlorenchyma of Haloxylon persicum stem, as well as increased size of parenchyma and crystalliferous cells of Haloxylon aphyllum. Features of the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of plants adequately reflect their adaptation to growing conditions. Studied species are plants-C4 , by type of CO2 fixation, as a mechanism of adaptation to hot and dry climate. Haloxylon persicum is regarded as a genetic derivative to H. aphyllum.